BAREGBEG

Sports can Reduce Obesity Due to Genetic Factors

2011-12-14T16:15:00.000+07:00

If you have parents or grandparents who have body fat, then you may become the inheritor of obesity. Because the "fat gene" is capable of passing from one generation to the bottom. It could be for example your current weight, it appears from the decrease in fat genes your parents or grandparents.

In a study conducted by experts, Europeans are champions for the affairs of obesity because the gene. Of the entire sample of respondents surveyed 220 thousand people, descendants of Europeans have the potential for an increase in obesity to 74 percent. Meanwhile, the Africans and their descendants ranks second with 76 percent. And, Asians only ranged between 20-30 per cent that have the potential for obesity.

Obesity is caused by genetic factors appear naturally. You can not change it and it blends in you. Only, you can reduce the percentage increase in obesity by exercising.

According to researchers, as quoted by Rodale News, sport can reduce the risk of obesity due to genes up to 30 percent. You can do so at least one hour to five days of training for one week. If you do have the risk of having this gene, it is highly recommended active exercise. After all, your health benefits will also feel alone.

How to Lose Weight with Coconut Oil

2011-01-08T22:19:00.006+07:00

Lose Weight with Coconut Oil. There are various ways you can do to lose weight. One way that trust is by consuming coconut oil. Is it true that coconut oil can lose weight?

Several studies that is specialized for researching coconut oil or other types of fatty acids it contains have shown mixed results in terms of losing weight.

Oil palm is a tropical vegetable oils made from dried palm fruit from the tree. Coconut oil is comprised mostly of certain types of saturated fatty acids. In one tablespoon of coconut oil contains 117 calories and 13.6 grams of fat.
"Although caloric dikanudng high coconut oil and also contains fat, but coconut oil can increase metabolism, provide energy, make a person feel fuller and enhance thyroid function," said Dr. Donald D Hesrud, associate professor of disease prevention and nutrition at the Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, as quoted from the Mayo Clinic on Friday (01/07/2011)

The experts reveal the types of fatty acids contained in coconut oil is one type of sound, and the body can burn it quickly to become energy.

Coconut oil diet usually by eating as much as 3 tablespoons of pure coconut oil. In addition, a person is also advised to eat a low carbohydrate, and gradually narrow down the intake of carbohydrates and do a colon cleansing.

If someone wants to use coconut oil as a weight loss program, it must consider the balance between fat storage of fat consumed by the cells with the fat that is burned into energy. This is to prevent the buildup of fat in the liver.

"Short-term diet of coconut oil may not be harmful to health. But to achieve long-term success also required a healthy eating plan as a whole and also sports," he said.

Why Not Allow Take Medicine With Milk?

2011-01-02T05:34:00.002+07:00

'Do not take medicine with milk' those words are often heard or uttered by people when they want to consume oral medication. Why milk should not be mixed with the drug?

Medicine or antibiotics are taken orally can be effective for a person if consumed and absorbed by the body. Oral medication must be absorbed from the digestive tract to get into the bloodstream and then sent to the area who are sick or have infections to treatment.

There are various factors that affect the body's ability to absorb medications very well, including the relative acidity in the stomach, the presence or absence of nutrients fat or other nutrients, as well as whether there are certain elements in the body such as calcium.

As quoted from Everydayhealth.com, Saturday (01/01/2011), some medicines such as antibiotics that contain tetrasiklik family would react with the milk. Calcium found in milk will bind medicine or antibiotics that prevent the absorption of the drug in the body.

In addition there are good medicine consumed after meals or after meals, this is due to food intake can affect drug absorption. Therefore becomes very important to follow the instructions for use are printed on the bottle or packet of medicine, as well as the criteria people should always ask the pharmacist for the drug is consumed.

And what about other beverages such as coffee, tea or juice?

Other beverages such as coffee, tea or juice generally contains various compounds such as caffeine that might react with the medicine consumed thus affecting absorption.

For that community is always recommended taking the drug by using a known white water does not contain anything, so it does not affect the absorption of the drug. Also water can help dissolve the medicine consumed in the stomach so that the absorption process for the better and easier.

Teeth Whitening

2010-11-21T10:31:00.001+07:00

Teeth whitening. In the world of bloom cosmetic dentistry, tooth whitening reigned supreme. Universally appreciated by both men and women alike, whitening (or bleaching) treatments are available to meet every budget, time frame and temperament.

Whether in the form of one-hour bleaching session at your dentist's office, or home-use bleaching kits purchased at your local drugstore, teeth whitening solutions abound. But only 15 percent of the population has tried cosmetic procedure, and misinformation on the subject of widespread.

Long and short is that teeth whitening works. Almost all people who vote for this cosmetic treatment will see moderate to substantial increases in brightness and whiteness their smiles. However, teeth whitening is not a permanent solution and requires maintenance or "touch-ups" for a prolonged effect.
Bleaching vs. Whitening

According to the FDA, "bleaching" the term permitted for use only when teeth can be whitened beyond their natural color. This applies strictly to products that contain bleach - typically hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide.

The "whitening", a term on the other hand, referring to restore the tooth surface color by removing dirt and debris. So that every product that cleans (like toothpaste) is considered a whitener. Of course, the term whitening sounds better than bleaching, so it is more frequently used - even when describing products that contain bleach.
Why Teeth Whitening? Examining Enamel

Most of us start with sparkling white teeth, thanks to the porcelain enamel surface like them. Composed of microscopic crystalline rods, tooth enamel is designed to protect teeth from the effects of chewing, gnashing trauma and acid attacks caused by sugar. But over the years enamel is tired, become more transparent and allow the yellow color of dentin - the tooth's core material - to show through.

During routine chewing dentine, remains intact while millions of micro-cracks occurred in the enamel. These cracks, as well as the space between the rod enamel crystals, which gradually fills with stains and debris. As a result, the teeth eventually develop appearance, dull sluggish.

Teeth whitening removes stains and debris, leaving the enamel cracks open and open. Some cracks quickly re-mineralized by saliva, while others are filled again with organic waste.
Tooth discoloration: Two Types of Dental Stains

There are two categories of staining associated with the teeth: extrinsic staining and intrinsic staining.

Extrinsic stains are those that appear on the surface of the tooth as a result of exposure to dark-colored beverages, foods and tobacco, and routine wear and tear. Superficial extrinsic stains are minor and can be removed with brushing and prophylactic dental cleaning. Stubborn extrinsic stains can be removed with more involved efforts, like teeth whitening. Persistent extrinsic stains can penetrate into the dentin and become ingrained if they are not dealt with early.

Intrinsic stains are those that form on the inside of the tooth. Intrinsic stains result from trauma, aging, exposure to minerals (like tetracycline) during tooth formation and / or excessive consumption of fluoride. In the past, he thought that intrinsic stains are too resistant to be corrected by bleaching. Today, cosmetic dentistry experts believed that intrinsic stains even deep-set can be removed with supervised tooth whitening take-home is maintained for a matter of months or even a year.
What Causes Teeth Staining?

Age: There is a direct relationship between tooth color and age. Over the years, dark teeth as a result of wear and stain accumulation. Teenagers will likely experience immediate, dramatic results from whitening. In two decades, as the teeth begin to show a yellow cast, teeth-whitening may require a little more effort. With four decades, the yellow gives way to brown and more maintenance may be called for. In the fifties, the teeth have absorbed a number of stubborn stains which can prove difficult (but not impossible) to remove.

Starting color: We are all equipped with congenital tooth color that ranges from yellow-brownish to greenish-gray, and intensify over time. Yellow-brown is generally more responsive to bleaching than green-gray.

Translucent and thinness: These are also genetic trait that is becoming more obvious with age. While all teeth show some translucent, they are opaque and thick, have an advantage: they appear lighter in color, show more sparkle and are responsive to bleaching. Teeth that are thinner and more transparent - most notably the front teeth - have less of a pigment necessary for bleaching. According to cosmetic dentists, transparency is the only condition that can not be corrected by any form of teeth whitening.

Eating Habits: consumption habits of red wine, coffee, tea, cola, carrots, oranges and other highly colored beverages and food cause considerable staining over the years. In addition, acidic foods like citrus fruits and vinegar contribute to erosion email. As a result, the surface becomes more transparent and more yellow-colored dentin shows through.

Smoking habits: Nicotine leaves brownish deposits which slowly soak into the tooth structure and cause intrinsic discoloration.

Drugs / chemicals: Tetracycline usage during tooth formation produces dark gray or brown ribbon stains which are very difficult to remove. Excessive consumption of fluoride causes fluorosis and associated areas of white spots.

Grinding: Most frequently caused by stress, teeth grinding (gnashing, bruxing, etc.) can add a micro-crack in the tooth and can cause the biting edges to darken.

Trauma: Falls and other injuries can produce sizable cracks in the teeth, which collect a large number of stains and debris.
find a local dentist
Teeth Whitening Options

Three major teeth whitening options available today. All three depend on various concentrations of peroxide and various application times.

In-Office Whitening

Significant change color in a short time is a major benefit in-office whitening. This protocol involves the use of carefully controlled in concentration peroxide gel that is relatively high, applied to the teeth by a dentist or trained technician after the gums have been protected with a paint-on rubber dam. Generally, the peroxide remains on the teeth for several 15 to 20 minute intervals that add up to an hour (at most). Those with particularly stubborn staining may be advised to return for one or more additional bleaching sessions, or may be asked to continue with home whitening system is used.

In-office teeth whitening cost: $ 650 per visit (on average) nationwide.

(Read more about in-office tooth whitening)

Issued Professional Take-Home Whitening Kit

Many dentists believe that professionally dispensed take-home whitening kits can produce the best results in the long term. Take-home kits incorporate an easy to use low-concentration peroxide gel that remains on the teeth for an hour or more (sometimes overnight). The lower the peroxide percentage, the longer it may safely remain on the teeth. Gel applied to teeth whitening using custom-made tray that resembles a mouth guard.

Take-home teeth whitening kits cost: $ 100 to $ 400.

(Read more about professionally dispensed whiteners)

Over-the-Counter Whitening

Cheapest and most convenient choice of tooth whitening, bleaching over-the-counter involves the use of store-bought whitening kit, featuring a bleaching gel with a lower concentration than the excluded professional take-home whiteners. Gel is applied to the teeth via one-size-fits-all trays, whitening strips or paint-on applicators. In many cases this may only whiten a few front teeth unlike custom trays that can whiten the entire smile.

Over-the-counter tooth whitening cost: $ 20 to $ 100.

(Read more about at home teeth whitening)
Carbamide Peroxide vs Hydrogen Peroxide

Preferences bleach to whiten in-office, where time is limited, hydrogen peroxide is a powerful and fast acting. When used in teeth whitening, hydrogen peroxide concentration ranging from about nine percent to 40 percent.

Conversely, preference for home bleaching teeth whitening is slower acting carbamide peroxide, which breaks down into hydrogen peroxide. carbamide peroxide has about a third of the strength of hydrogen peroxide. This means that a solution of 15 percent carbamide peroxide is equivalent to roughly five percent solution of hydrogen peroxide.
How Can You Go White? Aesthetic Problems

Teeth whitening results are subjective, vary much from person to person. Many immediately pleased with their results, while others may be disappointed. Before you start on any whitening treatment, ask your dentist for a realistic idea of your results will tend to achieve and how long it should take to achieve them. Expectations play a major role in tooth whitening.
Whitening Shade Guide

In the dental office, before and after the color of teeth is usually measured with shade guides. This is a handheld display range of colors teeth. (Dentists also use them in choosing the crown and other restoration shades.)

Standard-setter among them has long been a Vitapan Classic Shade Guide. This standard guide includes 16 shades of shades, systematically arranged from light to dark colors into four groups, and provides a universal tooth-color terminology.

While whitening can occasionally lighten tooth color by nine or more colors, most of those who bleach their teeth 2-7 shades tend to look for changes.
Teeth Whitening Risks

Teeth whitening treatments are considered safe when procedures are followed as directed. However, there are certain risks associated with bleaching that you should be aware of:

    * Sensitivity: Bleaching can cause a temporary increase in sensitivity to temperature, pressure and touch. It is most likely to occur during in-office bleaching, where a higher concentration of bleach used. Some individuals experience spontaneous shooting pains ("zingers") in the middle of their front teeth.

      Individuals at greatest risk for whitening sensitivity are those with gum recession, significant cracks in teeth or leakage due to defective restorations. It has also been reported that redheads, including those that do not have other risk factors, are at particular risk for tooth sensitivity and zingers.

      Whitening sensitivity lasts no more than one or two days, but in some cases may last up to a month. Some dentists recommend a toothpaste containing potassium nitrate for sensitive teeth.
    * Gum irritation: Over half of those who use peroxide whiteners experience some degree of gum irritation due to bleach concentration or from contact with the tray whitening. The irritation usually lasts up to several days, disappeared after bleaching has stopped or the peroxide concentration lowered.
    * Technicolor teeth: Restoration such as bonding, dental crowns or porcelain veneers are not affected by bleach and therefore maintain their default color while the surrounding teeth whitening. This resulted in what is often called "technicolor teeth."

Maintaining Your White Smile

To extend the longevity of the newly whitened teeth, dentists tend to recommend:

    * At-home follow-up or maintenance whitening - implemented immediately or performed as infrequently as once a year.
    * Avoid dark-colored foods and beverages for at least a week after bleaching.
    * Where possible, sipping dark-colored beverages with a straw.
    * Practice good oral hygiene - brushing and flossing after meals and before bed.

Warning

In addition to these risk factors, a number of warnings should be considered before undergoing teeth whitening:

    * No amount of bleaching will yield "unnaturally" white teeth.
    Results Whitening * not fully seen until approximately two weeks after bleaching. This is an important consideration if you will have ceramic restorations and want to make sure the colors match the newly bleached teeth.
    * If cosmetic bonding, porcelain veneers or other restoration is part of your care plan, they will not be issued until at least two weeks after bleaching to ensure proper adhesive bonding, function and matching shade.
    * To avoid the technicolor effect, tooth-colored restorations will likely need to be replaced after bleaching.
    * Hidden gums often reveal their yellowish root surfaces at the gum line. That yellow color has proven difficult to bleach.
    * Pregnant or breastfeeding women are advised to avoid teeth whitening. The potential impact of bleach on the fetus or infant swallowing unknown

Indonesia furniture handicraft wholesale marketplace SEO Contest

2010-07-12T11:38:00.003+07:00

There is interesting information for the master of SEO, SEO contest is organized by outofindi.com. The theme of this contest are Indonesia furniture handicraft wholesale marketplace. This SEO contest starts from April 26, 2010 until the date of July 27, 2010.

Then the total prize has been provided by the committee amounted to 20 million rupiah with details of the champions I = 8 million, II = 6 million, III and IV = 4 million = 2 million. Create a 5 to 10 prize winners were "thank you" from the committee because it had participated in the contest, Indonesia Handicraft Furniture Wholesale Marketplace alias for the order is not mendptkan gifts of money.

Indonesia Java International Destination

2010-03-11T10:52:00.011+07:00

Yogyakarta and Central Java Province has the advantage of tourism and cultural potential that is not owned by a variety of other areas in Indonesia. could be the reason why you chose to visit Indonesia java international destination.

It is the potential of traditional arts, traditional foods, natural wealth through tourism village which has its own characteristics. Foreign tourists and tourists who visit to Yogyakarta will have many choices, so they feel welcome and comfortable during a holiday in this area.

Ngayogyakarta Sultanate Palace as one of the cultural attractions of potential votes among tourists remains the main attraction. Charm and appeal in the Kingdom Nyayogyakarta actually still many who have not exposed, both by local and foreign media,as a cultural icon the valuable Java, being very supportive Kraton Yogyakarta Sultanate as a tourist destination is quite popular.

DIY Province has many tourism products are marketable, namely natural potentials, beaches, mountains, art, special food to hospitality community.

For example, Parangtritis beach. Parangtritis always been famous, not only as a beach resort that has a wide expanse of sand, but it is also known as a place that has many historical relics. The complex consists of Parangtritis Parangtritis Beach, Parangkusumo and Gembirowati plateau.

And other places such as Mount Merapi, one of them merupakn volcanoes in Yogyakarta Special Region. It is located approximately 30 kilometers north of Yogyakarta and the top of the sand plains of uneven. If this mountain in a state of "calm", so fascinating charm, thus stimulating the teenagers who want adventure hiking and sports enthusiasts climb a mountain to conquer peak

Another interesting and must be visited, the temple of Borobudur. Borobudur Temple is one of the best ancient monuments preserved from all over the world even is one of the seven wonders of the world, is a very fascinating tour to Indonesia java international destination. This monument is the largest Buddhist temple in the world and has claimed as a result of human culture is the most frequently visited by more than a million tourists both domestic and abroad to date.

Style of temple architecture of the program that resembles nothing in the world. Structure described terisnpirasi microcosm that often becomes a question arises, for example when, in what way, how long and by whom these nature reserves have been built.

The right answer to this still leaves a mystery since no written documents to date. Based on the inscriptions found by the researchers, noted that Borobudur was built between the eighth century when Samaratungga - king of the dynasty ruled Syailendra in Central Java.

How to Avoid Getting Cancer

2010-03-11T07:26:00.001+07:00

The following are some tips to avoid cancer, please read and try to put into practice may be useful

Try to eat more fish.

You ever wonder why a shark and a fisherman never gets cancer? Or very, very rarely do. Because they eat loads of fish, that are extremely high in omega-3 oils!
Step 2
Take Omega-3 fish oil, especially if you don't like fish.

Whether this reduces cancer or not is somewhat up in the air. A supplement called DHA kills growing cancer cells and tumors. There's new research from Trinity College Dublin that Omega-3 fatty acids benefit cancer undergoing operations.
Step 3
Make sure you eat foods high in Omega-3.

If you don't like fish, which contains the richest amount of Omega-3. Eat walnuts, green vegetables, like green beans, spinach, broccoli. Eat strawberries, squash, legumes.
Step 4
Drink Green Tea.

Drink two to three cups a day. Green Tea protects the immune system, and is anti-cancer. In 2005, only 15% percent of people claim they drink green tea on a daily basis. Wow, it's beyond healthy for you! The chinese culture has been drinking it for centuries. This is a great anti-cancer. Start drinking green tea everyday!
Step 5
Take Virgin Coconut Oil.

THIS is the important step, don't skip over this one. This is the healthiest oil there is. Its way better than Olive Oil, or anything else. Virgin Coconut Oil is a healer. If you know someone who has cancer, I would strongly suggest they start taking it immediately. Virgin Coconut oil can remove warts, and even scars on your skin. I knew this old guy, who was diagnosed with cancer on his nose. He didn't see any doctor, or take any treatment at all. He just kept rubbing virgin coconut oil on it everyday. The cancer nearly ate his nose away, but it all went away. Virgin Coconut Oil got rid of it. If you ask me, Virgin Coconut Oil is probably the closest cure to cancer that I know of. I've had personal experience using this oil on my dog. I've gotten rid of numerous of small lumps, maybe small tumors growing that he was developing. The oil has really improved his overall health, as well as mine. I will post a good link about Virgin Coconut oil.
Step 6
Try not to eat foods high in saturated fat.

This leads to a larger risk in cancer. Eat lean meats, and don't eat lots of trans fats as well.
Step 7
Make sure you're drinking red wine frequently.

I've heard that if you drink a glass a day, it reduces lung cancer. If you don't drink, check out resveratrol supplements pills. Check with your doctor. This in general can make you live longer.
Step 8
Try to quit smoking.

Tips For Cleaning PC Yourself_1 - Mouse Cleaning

2008-09-09T11:44:00.000+07:00

Why? A dirty optical-mechanical mouse (mouse with a ball) can cause the mouse to be difficult to move as well as cause strange mouse movement.

Procedure: To clean the rollers of an optical-mechanical mouse you must first remove the bottom cover of the mouse. To do this examine the bottom of the mouse to see which direction the mouse cover should be rotated. As you can see in the below illustration the mouse cover must be moved counter clockwise. Place two fingers on the mouse cover and push the direction of the arrows.
Once the cover has rotated about an inch rotate the mouse into its normal position covering the bottom of the mouse with one hand and the bottom should fall off including the mouse ball. If this does not occur attempt to shake the mouse gently.
Once the bottom cover and the ball are removed you should be able to see three rollers located within the mouse. Use a cotton swab, your finger, and/or fingernail and move in a horizontal direction of the rollers. Usually there will be a small line of hair and or dirt in the middle of the roller, remove this dirt and or hair as much as possible.

Once you have removed as much dirt and hair as possible place the ball back within the mouse and place the cover back on.

If the mouse still appears to be having the same issue repeat the above process, if after several attempts the mouse is still having the same issue it could be a possibility your mouse may have other hardware issues and we recommend the replace your mouse.
Note: Cleaning your mouse pad with a damp cloth can also help improve a computers mouse movement.
Why? To help keep a mouse clean and germ free it can be helpful to clean the mouse.
Procedure: Use a cloth moistened with rubbing alcohol or warm water and rub the surface of the mouse and each of its buttons.

Tips For Cleaning PC Yourself_1 - Cleaning Keyboards

2008-09-09T11:36:00.000+07:00

In the process of owning and operating a PC, you will, no doubt, find a point in time that the keyboard causes strange and irritating things to happen to your fond finger strokes. Nine times out of ten, this is caused by DIRT!
It is amazing how much trash can be found under the keytops of any keyboard that has been in use for more than a few weeks. Human hands carry a great deal of trash, including dead skin cells. In addition, leaning over a keyboard, as computer people are prone to do, can cause much "head garbage" to fall into the mechanism. If you smoke (as I do), you'll find it next to impossible to keep ashes in the ashtray.
The symptoms of a keyboard dirt problem are manifold, but the most common are: mistyped characters, missing letters (Did I miss the key?), and having the wrong character appear at the most obnoxious times.

The fix to most of these problems is to clean the bugger out. To do this you must remove the keytops and blow out the mechanism with air. The purpose of this message is to explain the operation of the PC keyboard and to outline the steps necessary to clean it. I've included some notes on some possible pitfalls that a few folks have run into.
The PC keyboard is a capacitive device, that is, its internal circuitry detects each keystroke by a change in the capacitive potential of a wire matrix the keys are mounted on. This matrix is contained in the form of a circuit board that contains small "plates" that connect to a device that monitors capacitive levels. Above each of these plates is a "toggle" made of conductive plastic (like they ship IC's in). The toggles are connected to a small spring that is held straight and slightly compressed in a small cylinder. The thing that hold the spring compress is a small plunger attached to the bottom of each key. When the toggle moves in its holder, it changes the capacitive potential of the wire matrix and causes the keyboard logic circuits to send a scan code to the 8088 bus.
When you press a key, the plunger moves down in the cylinder, compressing the spring. This spring is already holding the toggle away from the matrix. As the pressure increases, the spring becomes "unstable" and bends rapidly to form a loose "U" shape. This action is felt (and heard) as the "break" of the key. When the key breaks, the direction of the pressure on the toggle is reversed, causing it to swing down about 1.5mm closer to the matrix. This is detected by the keyboard logic circuitry as a change in capacitive potential and the appropriate scan code is sent to the 8088 bus, to be processed.
When you lift your finger from the key, the spring pops back to its straight position and lifts the toggle away from the matrix. As you can see, there is a lot of mechanical interaction going on inside of the lowly keyboard. What amazes me is that the devices are as reliable as they are!
To clean the keyboard, turn off the PC and place the keyboard in you lap. Remove each key by prying it STRAIGHT UP with a penknife of small screwdriver until it pops off. Check each key for any gummy or sticky matter, placing the dirty keys in a pile to be cleaned with soap and water. DO NOT REMOVE THE SPACE BAR!!! If you do, you'll find it is almost impossible to replace properly. After removing the keys, take a low- pressure air hose (or hair dryer) and blow a stream of air down into the key tubes.

The air will remove quite a bit of loose dirt from the inside of the keyboard. This dirt, if left in place, will alter the capacitive potential of the matrix, thus "fooling" the keyboard circuitry into thinking a key has been pressed when it has not. A WORD OF WARNING: Do NOT-NOT-NOT blow into the key tubes with your mouth!!! You will blow moisture into the mechanism, and possibly ruin the keyboard unit. Nine times out of ten, all that is necessary to correct keyboard errors is to clean the keys, and the rest of this is not required.
If you did not heed my warning about the mouth air, you will have to remove the matrix board from the key tube holder and clean it. THIS IS A VERY DELICATE OPERATION! DO NOT-NOT-NOT ATTEMPT IT UNLESS YOU NEED TO! To remove the key matrix, turn the keyboard over and remove the two screws on the bottom. Remove the bottom panel from the keyboard and disconnect the Berg connector that holds the keyboard cable to the circuit board inside the unit. Place the keyboard in your lap and remove ALL the keys. Carefully turn the unit upside-down, taking care not to bend the springs. With the keyboard upside-down, and the PC (printed circuit) board on the right side, you will see several metal "clips" holding the silver matrix board to the black key tube holder. One of these clips (probably on the lower left) is bent over the silver matrix holder. Bend this clip away from the silver metal. Hold the two parts together FIRMLY and slide the silver matrix holder to the right (on mine, at least). THIS TAKES A LOT OF PRESSURE! BE SURE YOU DON'T ALLOW THE TWO PARTS TO SEPARATE SUDDENLY, OR YOUR FLOOR WILL BE LITTERED WITH TOGGLES. Carefully remove the matrix holder from the tube holder and place the tube holder in a safe place. Use a clean, slightly damp rag to clean the surface of the matrix board. DO NOT ALLOW WATER TO GET UNDER THE BOARD! Allow the unit to dry. You may perform an interesting test by reconnecting the matrix board to the cable and powering-up the computer. You may then "type" on the matrix board by touching your fingers to the dark panels visible under the surface of the board. Cute, huh?
You will need to practice reassembling the space bar spring before you try to put the unit back together. To do this, remove the spacebar tubes from the tube holder. Remove the toggle and place it in a safe place. Note the wire running the full length of the space bar tube assembly. This wire is the spring that keeps the spacebar from tilting to one side during use. When the spacebar is inserted into the tube assembly this wire MUST fit into the slots in the "legs" on each end of the spacebar. Try it a few times before you plan to reassemble the keyboard.
To reassemble the keyboard, replace the spacebar tube assembly in the tube holder. Install the toggle in its slot. Insure all other toggles are correctly positioned. Hold the tube holder upside down and GENTLY replace the matrix board in its place. To complete reassembly, you will need to press the matrix holder down onto the tube holder while sliding the "ears" into their correct notches. THIS TAKE A LARGE AMOUNT OF FORCE! BE SURE THE UNIT DOES NOT JUMP OUT OF YOU HAND!!! After replacing the matrix board, bend the holding "ear" into place to secure the mechanism. Reinstall the key unit into the keyboard case and reconnect the cable. Replace the bottom cover. You should now check the unit for proper operation. This is tricky without keys, but it can be done

To test the unit, place the rear edge (nearest the number keys) on the table with the front edge (nearest the spacebar) in the air. This will allow the springs to fall backwards and insure against false input signals. You may have to shake the keyboard a bit to get the springs to fall.

Bring the system up and test each key by "tweaking" the spring with your finger. (The IBM diagnostics have a good test for this.) If all is well, replace the keys, WHILE HOLDING THE KEYBOARD IN THIS POSITION! If you don't hold the keyboard up like this, the springs will be "pre-bent" and won't function properly. Replace the spacebar first, as this is the one that is most likely to give you problems.

The object of the spacebar replacement game is to get the wire into the slot on the bar legs. This MUST be done one side at a time, without depressing the bar too much. Pressing the bar down causes the wire springs to retract and makes their reinstallation impossible. You can tell the spacebar is installed correctly by the fact that the ends are difficult to lift up and the bar moves vertically as a unit.
After replacing the spacebar, replace all the other keys, WHILE HOLDING THE KEYBOARD VERTICAL!

Run the diagnostics of the keyboard to insure everything is working properly. If not, check that the small springs were in the correct (leaned- back) position when the keys were installed. If they were and you still have problems, then you reassembled the matrix board and key tube holder incorrectly and will have to take it apart and start all over again... A common problem is getting the toggles jammed up when installing the matrix board.

To the best of our knowledge, the text on this page may be freely reproduced and distributed.
If you have any questions about this, please check out our Copyright Policy.

Reducing memory usage in FireFox

2008-09-09T11:35:00.000+07:00

Firefox has lot of memory leaks and that has been fixed the most in the latest release. Anyway that’s not our part Mozilla developers will take of that  If you think you can contribute better then join their team. Visit Mozilla today to find out more ways to contribute. Now let’s optimize Firefox to use less memory and to work faster. This is the smarter way too.

Type about:config in the address bar.
Create a new Boolean entry config.trim_on_minimize and set it to true (This one works gr8 when ever you reduce the FireFox window. It almost saves 20 MB – 30 MB+)
Set browser.cache.memory.capacity to a fixed size (the default values are: for 256 MB RAM - 14336, 512 MB RAM - 22528, 1 GB RAM - 32768). This is free 22MB max.
Set browser.sessionhistory.max_total_viewers to 0. It can reduce around 20 MB of usage
Change image.animation_mode to none. It has little impact on performance.

Now go to Tools/Options.
Set the disk cache memory to a low value (less than 50 MB).
Turn off Java (If you really don’t use it).
Try to avoid memory hungry extension. If you decide to use some; don’t use more that 5.
Clear the download history now and then. Don’t let the list to accumulate. This will have impact on the performance.

Using these tips, I was able to reduce around 40 – 50 MB of memory usage. So why to wait try it today. Happy Browsing.

Makes a Good Overclocking Chip

2008-09-09T11:33:00.002+07:00

The success of the Celerons created a great market for overclockers and for the most part it can be easy. There are several important factors that will determine success, of course the CPU itselfI chose the ABIT BE6 motherboard because it allows you to set the external clock speed, AGP clock, and voltage from the BIOS. This makes playing around with settings very convenient.

The Celerons were excellent overclocking chips for two main reasons, an on-die L2 cache running at core speed, and a FSB speed of 66MHz. The on-die L2 cache was critical since this allowed many Celerons to reach bus speeds of 100MHz without failing. Many chips such as the PII or K6 don't have an on-die L2 cache and have less success handling the increases in bus speeds. Another critical factor was the Celeron's default bus speed of 66MHz. Since the Intel 440BX chipset supports bus speeds of 66 and 100MHz this gives the Celeron a lot of room to play. Another added value is that a 100MHz bus speed is supported by the system and will not overclock the PCI, AGP buses or memory subsystems. A little more on this later.

Some of the key factors that lead to successful overclocking include the following:
FSB Settings
PCI/AGP Multipliers
CPU Multiplier
Core Voltage
Memory
Case Cooling
CPU Cooling
Let's take a brief look at each of these factors. You'll want a motherboard that allows you to set change the CPU clock frequency or FSB settings, PCI and AGP multipliers, CPU Core Voltage, CPU L2 Cache Latency, and SDRAM settings.

FSB - The more settings that the motherboard allows the better your chances. The ABIT BE6 II has a wide number of FSB settings - 66, 75, 83-200(1MHz increments) that give the board extreme flexibility. You'll want this to get the most out of your CPU. Since your chip might not be stable at specific FSB you can back down from to find an FSB that is stable.

PCI - Ideally you want your PCI devices to be unaffected by your changes to the FSB speed. Unfortunately, there will be some effect on your PCI bus speed but in most cases it is minimal. Normally, the PCI bus operates at 33MHz. You'll want to stay as close as possible to this speed. The ABIT BE6 II motherboard supports PCI bus multipliers of 1/4, 1/3, and 1/2. For example, a FSB setting of 66 is multiplied by 1/2 to achieve 33MHz, 100FSB is multiplied by 1/3. This allows the overclocker to keep a PCI bus speed that is close to the original spec.

AGP - Similar to the PCI bus you will want a motherboard that provides a multiplier setting for the AGP bus so that your video card will run at the specified bus speed of 66MHz. The ABIT BE6 II provides AGP 1/1 and 2/3 mutipliers. At 100MHz the AGP bus is multiplied by 2/3 to yield 66MHz. Of course if you're running at an FSB of say 83MHz your AGP bus will be slightly out of spec when multiplied by 2/3 (55MHz).

CPU Multiplier - As mentioned above your CPU is a locked number that can't be changed. For example the 300A had a 4.5 multiplier. One of the reasons why the Celeron 300A was such a great overclocking chip is that the 4.5 multiplier when multiplied against 100MHz yielded 450MHz! A 50% increase - not bad! You'll need to know the multiplier for your chip so keep this in mind when you're setting a target for your overclocking. It is a very important factor in the chips overclockability.

Core Voltage - Although most chips will overclock to some degree it is sometimes necessary to increase the core voltage being supplied to the CPU in order to stabilize the chip. The trade off here is that increasing the voltage often leads to more heat which in turn can cause the chip to be unstable and even shorten its lifespan. The Celerons had a default voltage of 2.0v. The new FC-PGA Coppermine chips come with a 1.6v core. Ideally, you want your chip to run stable at the default voltage, but it is often necessary to raise the voltage up to 20% higher in order to stabalize the chip. Adjusting the voltage is one most important variables in sucessful overclocking. Be aware that too much voltage can permanently damage the chip which is why we limit the voltage increase to 20% outside of spec.

CPU Cooling - The single most important factor to a stable overclocked CPU is cooling. Too much leads to system instability and a shorter CPU lifespan. The simple rule is - the cooler the better. Due to the popularity of overclocking there are now several commercially supported products that provide a variety of cooling methods. The current cooling techniques range from heatsinks, water coolers, and Peltier coolers. The most common method is to using a efficient heatsink and fan combination. In the case of the Intel Coppermine CPU the retail heatsink is great for normal operating temps but a larger heatsink is required when undertaking more extreme overclocking. The heatsink should be used in combination with thermal compound in order to ensure that there is good contact between the surface of the heatsink and CPU die. A very thin layer of thermal compound should be applied to the surface of the CPU (not the ceramic potion but the heatsink slug itself). Thermal compound is usually made of Zinc Oxide which has a low thermal resistance and is electrically non-conducting.

CASE Cooling - In order to make sure that your CPU is getting lots of cool air it is important to take a close look at your case. Your case should have a power supply that is located at the top of the case. The power is a source of heat and since heat rises the top is a good place for it. The power supply fan should be blowing air out of the case. This will help to remove the hot air from the top of the case. Next, your case should have another fan located at the bottom of the case that blows are into the case. This brings cool air into the case. Last, many cases come with a third vent located behind the CPU. This is a good spot to a fan in that blows air into the case and directly onto the CPU. This combination works pretty well. We here at Crazy PC have added a 4th fan to overclocked system. It is located at the top of our case and vents air directly out the top. This was done using one of the Radio Shack (Nidec) squirrel cage fans and cutting a small rectangular opening in the top of the case. With this setup we are consistently running at less than 10F above ambient room temp.

Overclocking Beyond 133MHz
As mentioned above when overclocking you want to avoid taking the AGP and PCI buses out of spec, but unfortunately this is not always avoidable. While the new FC-PGA chips are extremely overclockable they start a default bus speed of 100MHz. This means we can't acheive the big jumps in clock speeds without overclocking the AGP and PCI buses as well as system memory. The three things too look at are the AGP video card, PCI devices, and RAM.

AGP Video Card - As mentioned above the BX chipsets provide1/1 and 2/3 multipliers for the AGP bus. Our current system is an overclocked 550E running at 150MHz. The 150MHz will set the AGP bus to 100MHz - or 51% out of spec (66MHz). Well, this doesn't appear to be a problem for most NVIDIA GeForce cards. Our trust Leadtek GeForce 256 DDR is completely stable at 100MHz AGP! But, a lot of graphics cards will not be stable at that speed. You can test your video card by setting the AGP multiplier to 1/1 and at an FSB speed of 100MHz. This is a technique that can be used to determine if your video card is stable at the higher speeds.

RAM - You will need RAM that runs stable at your target FSB. For example if you are running a 100MHz FSB you need at least PC100 SDRAM. If you're shooting anything above 100MHz then PC133MHz will be the next choice. If your target speed is above 133MHz then you should look for RAM that is high quality and can potentially handle the higher speeds. We're running at 150MHz with two brands of memory here at Crazy PC. We like the PC133 Corsair memory and the EMS HSDRAM.. Both are stable at 150MHz - your mileage may vary.

Overclocking Tips
If you're not willing to take the risk of overclocking - DON'T.
Always use a grounding strap and attach it to your case. Don't take unnecessary risks. Especially when you're about to take a huge one!
Cool your CPU. Attach a fan with a big heatsink to it. Some people recommend a dual fan. I have only one with a big heatsink. - I've purchased a Radio Shack temperature sensor (Cat No. 277-123) that I will use to monitor my CPU temp. I hope to have more info on the site soon (including pics).
If you're heat sink is bare metal on the side that abuts the CPU you should apply thermal compound (or heatsink grease). Apply a thin layer to CPU die surface and surface of heatsink that will make contact with the CPU. The layer should be thin and not dripping. Thermal compound will help conduct the heat from the CPU to the heatsink better by filling in the tiny gaps between the chip and the heatsink. Apply a thin layer to the CPU die surface that contacts the heatsink surface. It's non-conducting but be careful not to be sloppy anyway. OK? You an buy heatsink compound from Radio Shack.
On tower cases make sure the air blows in from the bottom and out from the top. Cool air in the bottom, hot air out the top. The power supply fan should blow out. I installed an extra fan next to the power supply that sucks air out. My ambient temp is between 80F-86F. Some say your temp should be no more than 10F-20F more than room temp.
When you start overclocking start with default voltage and work your way up by small increments (.05). Remember cooling becomes more critical as you up your voltage as well.
I've read that some drives have problems with the non-standard bus speeds and UDMA which can lead to corrupted data. As a precaution, I recommend disabling DMA.
Some people recommend a burn-in period before overclocking. Make sure you have your system running stable for a period of time. The term "burn-in" is also used by some to mean running the CPU at a specific clock speed and voltage. Some believe the CPU adapts to the higher voltage after time and the voltage can then be lowered.
Get PC100 8ns CAS2 or better SDRAM. Preferably a brand name not no-name. The quality of your RAM becomes more critical with higher clock speeds.

BuyingTips - Laptop

2008-09-09T11:33:00.001+07:00

With powerful processors and accesories, laptops now offer almost everything a desktop PC can offer Laptops can be divided into two weight categories :Ultralite and Regular. Ultralites are thin, small and weigh under 5 pounds but the drawback is their limited built-in features. Regular laptops, on the other hand, are bigger and heavier but they include such nice features as large bright screen; long-life battery; CD-ROM and floppy drive. Many portables also make room for optional DVD or Zip drives with USB and other interfaces for external devices

Before buying a Laptop computer the following features will help you decide which is the right one for you:

CPU: Although there are many factors that influence the performance of a computer, the most important one is its microprocessor, also known as its CPU (central processing unit). The microprocessor is a silicon chip (with millions of circuits) that is the brain of a computer. Its speed is measured in MHz (megahertz). Currently, speeds range from 300MHz up to 800MHz or more. It's also important to consider the type of processor, for example, a 400MHz Intel Celeron microprocessor may be slower than a 400MHz Intel Pentium II microprocessor. For most common use, a 400MHz Pentium II is sufficient.

Memory:RAM or Random Access Memory is the computer's work space. More of it lets the computer work faster and lets you run more programs at the same time. Of course given the same processor, more memory will make the computer perform faster. You will be able to start programs more quickly, scroll through long documents quickly, or switch more quickly between two tasks, such as typing a letter and opening email.

Memory is measured in MB (megabytes). Notebooks usually come with atleast 32MB of memory to start. Almost all of them can be upgraded to hold more memory, up to 128MB or more. Never get a notebook with less than 64MB of memory. Looking at last year's fastest processors. You'll find the best deals on machines that have yesterday's top performers. Only graphics professionals or scientists need to have the cutting-edge speed.

Cache: Cache memory, is another form of work space for the processor. Memory (RAM) and video memory are other types of work space. A processor can access items stored in cache very quickly, more quickly than in any other form of work space. The processor uses the cache to store the most frequently requested instructions and data. The larger the cache, the more likely it is that a specific action you want to perform is in the cache, and the faster the notebook will run as a whole.

There are two forms of cache: internal cache (also called Level 1, L1, or CPU cache), and external cache (also called Level 2, L2, or secondary cache). Most notebooks have 16KB (16 kilobytes) or more of internal cache; 32KB or 64KB are large internal caches. More cache is always better.

Hard Disk: The "hard disk" or "hard drive" is where the operating system, all other software programs, and all your own information get stored. Its size is measured in GB (gigabytes). Most notebooks have at least 1.6GB, and it can go up to 15GB or more.

Make sure the weight, size, feel and power of the machine are right for you. You'll be carrying your laptop around a lot. Also, try out the keyboard and pointing device to make sure they're comfortable.

Screen: The screen or display, or Liquid Crystal Display, or LCD, of a notebook, is an important element of the notebook. The size of the screen, the type, and the resolution, can all be important. Most people focus on the size of the screen, since that is the most obvious element. If you are a graphic designer or an avid game-player, you might want to carefully check out the type and resolution as well. Screen SIZE is measured diagonally, just like for TVs. While you can get screens as small as 7", full-size notebook screens measure at least 12" diagonally, and can go up to 15" or more. A 14.1" notebook screen will give you almost the same viewing area as a 15" monitor on a desktop computer. The smaller screens (10"and less) can be great for traveling as they are very light. A notebook screen displays an image as a pattern of many small dots.

Resolution: measures the number of dots on the screen; a higher resolution means more dots. Every notebook screen supports at least a resolution of 640x480. Newer notebooks can also support higher resolutions, such as 800x600 (also called VGA) or 1024x768 (also called SuperVGA or SVGA).

Batteries: Notebook batteries are either Lithium Ion (Li-Ion) or Nickel Metal Hydride (NIMH). Lithium batteries are lighter in weight, and have a longer life, than NIMH batteries, but they also cost more. However, if you expect to run your notebook off the battery a lot, the convenience of lithium will be worth the investment. Battery life is usually expressed as a wide range, because it is highly dependent on how you use your notebook. If you are going to be away from a power supply for a long time , you might invest in a second battery and make sure to charge that battery before you need it. The expected length of time it will take to recharge a fully discharged battery can vary widely because people don't always begin with fully-discharged batteries. NIMH batteries should initially be charged for 16 hours; lithium batteries need only 6-8 hours at first. Thereafter, charge the batteries according to the notebook manufacturer's recommendation. This may be as short as 6 hours, or as long as 12 hours. Remember that a battery, after lying on the shelf for some time, usually takes 2-4 full charges and discharges before it achieves its full potential again.

Pointing Device: The pointing device is to a notebook what a mouse is to a desktop. It lets you point, click and drag items, just as a mouse does, but it's compactly built into the notebook. Try out the keyboard and pointing device together to ensure they're comfortable. Though every manufacturer has its own variation on the theme, all pointing devices fall into three types:

Stick also called a pointing stick, is a device that looks like a pencil's eraser-head situated in the middle of the keyboard, usually over the B and under the G and H keys.

Pad, also called a track pad, is an area below the keyboard, an inch or so square, that you run ("track") your finger over. While pads usually come with separate buttons on which to "click", they also let you "click" by simply tapping your finger on the pad. This can speed you up by reducing the distance your hand has to travel.

Trackball is a round ball, either on the keyboard or on the cover of the notebook to the right of the screen, that you roll with a fingertip. Trackballs feel the most natural to some people and they're not error-prone, but they are like sticks in that they require separate devices on which to "click".

Modem: Notebook modems either come built into the notebook, or it's very common to have to add your own as an external option.The modem is the device that transmits data to and from your notebook so you can use email and the Internet. Modem speed is measured in KB (kilobits of data sent or received per second). It is usually given as two numbers. The first number is how fast the modem can transmit to and from an Internet site; usually this is 56KB. The second speed is how fast the modem can send or receive a fax, usually 14.4KB or 28.8KB. Generally, the faster the modem speed - especially the first number - the better.

CD-ROM: The CD-ROM drive reads compact disks (CDs) that store music, software, data etc. CD-ROM drives may be built into a notebook, or might be "swappable". This means they share the same space as the floppy disk drive, and you "swap" between using CDs or floppies. Some notebooks save weight and cost by leaving out the CD-ROM drive. You can always buy an external drive separately. CD-ROM speed is measured as X: 6X, 10X, etc. If you use CDs primarily to install software, you'll be fine with whatever CD-ROM comes with your notebook. But it's a different story if you're into multi- media. If games, music, videos or movies are important, you'll need 32X, or higher speeds.

Ports: Notebooks can include many ports, or connections. USB, or Universal Serial Bus, is a newer and much faster version of the serial port. It lets the notebook connect to a wide variety of devices, such as digital cameras, speakers, external hard disks, scanners, printers, etc.

IR, or InfraRed port, allows the notebook to transmit information to and over a "wireless" link. Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) like the Palm Pilot, and some computers, printers, and cameras support this.

S, or Serial port, is used to attach external mice, keyboards, or other devices. Most notebooks have a serial port.

P, or Parallel port, is used by most printers and many network connections. Most notebooks have a parallel port.

M port is used to attach an external Monitor. Most notebooks have a monitor port.

PS2 is a special port (sometimes called the mouse port) to attach an external mouse or sometimes a keyboard. Most notebooks have this port, because this frees up the serial port for some other use.

A is an Audio port. This means the notebook can accept input from a microphone or can transmit sound out via headphones or external speakers. If the notebook has more than one Audio port, it can support some combination of audio capabilities.

MI means a specific audio port, namely one that accepts Microphone Input.

HO means a specific audio port, namely one that transmits Headphone Output.

SO means a specific audio port, namely one that transmits Speaker Output.

EXP or EXPAN means an EXPansion port. This allows the notebook to be plugged into a port replicator or dock station.

FD means an external Floppy Disk drive. Most notebooks have this if they do not include an internal floppy disk drive.

ET10/100 means a 10 or 100-megabit Ethernet port. This allows the notebook to be plugged into a network or other communication connection that uses so-called "Ethernet protocol" and communicates at 10 megabits per second.

SCSI is a Small Computer System Interface port. Many printers, external disk or tape drives, modems, and other devices can be attached on a SCSI port. SCSI ports support higher transmission speeds than do traditional serial and parallel ports, and can allow you to attach up to seven devices to the same port.

TV means a Television connection, allowing the notebook to be connected to a TV screen.

Port replicators and dock stations are like power strips for a notebook where you plug in monitors, keyboards, printers, etc. You push one button to attach or detach the notebook, and all the devices stay connected to the replicator or station. Besides being convenient, this lets you neatly arrange your cabling, and helps avoid breaking a notebook connector. One should get a notebook that can accept a port replicator or dock station, even if you don't need it right away you have the option in the future.

PCMCI Cards: Every notebook has several slots available to hold so-called PC cards. These cards currently come in two sizes: Type II cards are about the shape and size of a credit card, and Type III cards are the same length and width but about twice as thick. Virtually all notebooks now have enough slots to hold two Type II cards or one Type III card. PC cards were originally designed to hold additional memory and some software. Type II PC cards now can be modems, Ethernet or other network-connection cards, game cards, software, and a host of other things. Type III PC cards are less common; they are most often used for additional hard disk capacity, or very powerful cellular modems.

ZIP or JAZ Drive:Almost every notebook has a floppy disk drive as backup method. But floppies only hold 1.4MB (megabytes). You'd need 700 floppies to back up an entire 1GB notebook. This is where ZIP drive comes handy. Each ZIP disk can store 100MB of data, so a 2GB notebook fits on just 20 ZIP disks. And now there's Jaz disks, which hold 20 times more data. That 2GB notebook fits on 1 Jaz disk. Just about every notebook can use ZIP or Jaz disks if you buy a separate ZIP or Jaz drive.

Make sure the weight, size and feel of the machine are right for you. You'll be carrying your laptop around a lot. Also, try out the keyboard and pointing device to make sure they're comfortable.

Get what you need when you need it. There will always be something better, cheaper, and more feature- laden coming along next week.